Protecting your hearing is critically important for anyone who enjoys shooting sports. The sudden loud noises from gunshots can permanently damage your hearing over time. Choosing the right hearing protection keeps your ears safe while still allowing you to clearly hear range commands and hold conversations.

We analyzed and compared the most popular passive and electronic hearing protection models for criteria such as noise reduction capability, comfort during prolonged use, compatibility with other gear, and overall value. 

Our team of experienced shooters, competitors, trainers and military members evaluated the latest solutions to find the top picks across a variety of needs and budgets. 

How We Tested & Chose

Drawing from our team's real-world experience with firearms, we thoroughly tested and evaluated the top-rated hearing protection options. Our methodology combines expert insights from military and competitive shooting, with in-depth analysis of trusted resources to identify the standout products. We focused on four key factors:

Noise Blocking Ability: Using official ratings like Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), we analyzed how well each product blocks dangerous loud noises while still allowing ambient sounds to be heard. Higher ratings mean better protection.

Comfort & Fit: Based on insights from prolonged 6+ hour use at shooting ranges, we prioritized options with optimal padding, adjustability, and lightweight feel. We also considered whether they work with prescription glasses and tactical gear.  

Flexibility: We analyzed how well each product performs in various environments (indoor/outdoor ranges), shooting positions, and with different firearm types. Options that integrate with helmets and communication systems ranked higher.

Affordability: Our picks appeal to all budgets, balancing high performance and value to meet the needs of both casual and professional shooters.

Detailed Reviews 

1. Peltor ComTac V

 

The Peltor ComTac V represents an innovative breakthrough in digitally enhanced environmental hearing protection. Originally created for special forces teams needing heightened situational awareness and seamless comms integration, these premium electronic earmuffs are now favored by discerning civilian shooters as well. 

The ComTac V utilizes proprietary sound suppression technology that replicates natural hearing for super-realistic audio. Twin external microphones deliver superior directional sound detection, allowing you to accurately pinpoint noises. Rugged, lightweight composite construction stands up to real-world abuse while high-performance tactile buttons are glove friendly.

Fully customizable sound balancing and equalization let you tune the headset to your personal preferences. Whether cranking up the volume for soft-spoken range commands or enhancing the clarity of conversations, the ComTac V delivers an unrivaled shooting experience. Optional gel ear seals and helmet mounting accessories are available to complete the package.

While the premium capabilities come at a steep price, ComTac V owners report an almost surreal sense of audio immersion and situational awareness. For civilian use, the advanced features may seem overkill, but offer an unparalleled level of environmental detection. Those building high-end helmet rigs will appreciate the flexibility and resilience.

Pros

• Amazing sound quality that closely resembles natural hearing.

• Rugged, military-grade build quality.  

• Easy to integrate comms and tune settings to your personal preferences.

Cons 

• High cost puts it out of reach for many casual shooters.

• Gel ear cups are not included by default.

Specs

• Protection Level: 23dB NRR

• Weight: 12 oz 

• Batteries: 2 AAA

 

2. ShellShock Protection EXO PRO Electronic Earmuff

The ShellShock Protection EXO PRO electronic earmuffs offer an ideal blend of comfort, protection, and value to suit most shooters. As part of ShellShock’s broader shooting sports protective lineup, the EXO PRO leverages digitally amplified sound in a thoughtfully designed package. 

Soft, pliable gel ear pads come standard for hours of fatigue-free wear. This is a welcome bonus typically only found on premium models costing far more. The slim sound-dampening composite cups house amplified speakers and an easy access battery compartment. 

Outward-facing microphones detect and boost ambient environmental noises like conversations for improved situational awareness while simultaneously suppressing loud gunshot decibels. A hard shell transport case provides safe storage between range sessions.

Performance matches more expensive electronic earmuffs with a 28dB SNR rating. An LED indicator confirms powered-on status. While snug when first donning, the padded headband quickly conforms for a secure, yet comfortable fit. 

Balancing protection, features and affordability, the EXO PRO hits a sweet spot, making it a versatile choice for both recreational plinkers and dedicated competition shooters.  

Pros

• Gel ear pads greatly enhance comfort and are usually only found on premium models.

• 28dB SNR rating offers very effective impulse noise dampening.  

• Convenient on/off status indicator light.

Cons  

• Can feel tight when first wearing it until the headband stretches out.

Specs

• Protection Level: 28dB SNR

• Weight: 13 oz with batteries

• Batteries: 2 AAA

 

3. ShellShock Premium Eyes & Ears Combo (Electronic)

This innovative bundled kit conveniently combines electronic sound dampening earmuffs and protective shooting glasses into a single integrated system. The included Switch ballistic eyewear comes with smoke and clear high-impact polycarbonate lenses supporting both indoor and outdoor range use right out of the box. 

The premium value pack eliminates the need to buy eye and ear defense components individually. This simplified logistics and bulk discounted pricing makes the combo kit appealing for multi-purpose shooting needs, spanning changing environments and lighting conditions.

The included gel-lined earmuffs feature external microphones to amplify ambient sound for improved situational awareness, while suppressing loud gunshot decibels electronically. Rubberized composite construction makes them lightweight yet durable.

For shooters wanting a purpose-built kit with both eye shielding and amplified sound dampening, the ShellShock Premium Eyes & Ears Combo delivers premium integrated protection, versatility and value in a single turnkey package.

Pros 

• Premium value combo set conveniently includes both eye and ear defense.

• Interchangeable multi-use lenses support different shooting conditions. 

 

Cons

• Bundle pricing may exceed individually purchased components.

 

Specs

• Components provide protection levels similar to individual products.

 

4. AXIL TRACKR Electronic Earmuffs

The AXIL TRACKR electronic earmuffs provide an affordable way to experience sound amplifying protection. Featuring a slim, lightweight profile, these are a great choice for the budget-conscious shooter who still wants quality hearing protection with useful features.

With an impressive noise reduction rating of 27dB, the TRACKR earmuffs effectively block loud and sudden noises like gunshots while amplifying quieter sounds like conversations using the built-in microphones. This allows shooters to clearly hear range commands and chat with fellow marksmen without removing their hearing protection.

The headset itself has a low-profile, contoured design with padding on the headband and ear cups for a comfortable, non-intrusive fit. Weighing just 12 ounces with batteries installed, the TRACKR won't weigh you down even during extended range days. When not in use, the earmuffs fold up into a compact footprint that easily fits into a range bag or gear case. 

Despite the affordable sub-$100 price point, the TRACKR earmuffs include many of the key features found on premium electronic hearing protection models, which cost two to three times as much. This includes capabilities like sound-activated audio compression, external microphone ports, and user-replaceable ear cushions.

For shooters wanting amplified sound protection without breaking the bank, the AXIL TRACKR delivers impressive performance and comfort in an affordable package. It's a great entry-level electronic earmuff option for both recreational and frequent shooters alike.

Pros 

• Impressive sub-$100 pricing for an electronic earmuff.

• Low-profile design comfortable for extended range sessions.  

Cons

• Can feel tight out of the box before the headband stretches.

Specs 

• Protection Level: 27dB SNR

• Weight: 12 oz  

• Batteries: 2 AAA

 

5. Ear Buddy Foam Earplugs

While electronic earmuffs dominate the premium end of the hearing protection spectrum, Ear Buddy's simple foam earplugs prove you don't need to spend a lot to protect your hearing. As a disposable foam earplug with an astounding 32dB noise reduction rating, they offer maximum sound dampening on a shoestring budget.

The compressible foam construction allows the plugs to squeeze down small for easy insertion into the ear canal, then expand outward to seal and occupy the entire opening. This snug fit insulates the ear and provides an impressive average attenuation of 32 decibels across all frequencies. For context, that's equivalent to wearing both good-quality earmuffs and earplugs together!

Of course, the disposable nature of these foam plugs means they are not intended for repeated use.. But, their low cost makes keeping a bulk supply handy an affordable proposition. The Ear Buddy plugs are always there when you need an extra pair, and they are great to provide to new range guests unfamiliar with hearing protection needs. 

For occasional recreational shooters or doubling up protection when exposed to magnum rifles and artillery pieces, simple foam earplugs like the Ear Buddy deliver unmatched noise reduction on a budget. Just be aware their snug fit and total sound blocking also shuts out ambient noises like conversations as well.

Pros

• Outstanding 32dB NRR rating for maximum sound dampening.

• Extremely budget-friendly.

Cons 

• Disposable, so not ideal for regular range shooters.   

Specs

• Protection Level: 32dB NRR

 

6. 3M Peltor Optime 105

The 3M Peltor Optime 105 over-ear earmuffs represent the gold standard in passive hearing protection after decades of use by professional military and competitive shooters. Trusted for its durability, comfort and effectiveness, the Optime 105 remains a versatile choice for blocking hazardous gunshot noise.

Using layered foam inserts and a dual-cup design with wide headband padding, the Optime 105 passively seals and surrounds the entire ear to achieve a noise reduction rating of 30 decibels. This dampens loud impulses from gunfire significantly while maintaining situational awareness of range commands and conversations thanks to the non-isolating cup shape. 

Weighing just 12 ounces, the Optime 105 earmuffs avoid causing neck strain during all-day use. An adjustable headband accommodates a wide spectrum of users, too. The durable construction also means the multi-layered foam inserts are user-replaceable over time and avoid flattening out.

The only downside for rifle shooters is the large muff footprint. Depending on your facial structure and stock comb height, getting a proper cheek weld may necessitate slightly modifying your shooting position to avoid contacting the earmuffs.

For almost 40 years, the Peltor Optime 105 has delivered proven passive protection for generations of shooters. Its unmatched legacy and balance of comfort, versatility and noise reduction cement its place in the shooting hall of fame.

Pros

• Impressive noise reduction rating of 30dB.

• Reusable design with replaceable cushion inserts.  

Cons 

• Large muff size can interfere with rifle stock comb height.

Specs

• Protection Level: 30dB NRR 

• Weight: 12 oz

 

 

7. AXIL XCOR

As shooting sports continue evolving, protective gear advances as well. The AXIL XCOR in-ear electronic earmuffs represent the next generation of hearing protection all in a lightweight, streamlined package with the added benefit of Bluetooth wireless technology. 

This groundbreaking in-ear design does away with bulky over-the-head bands, allowing complete compatibility with hats, helmets, and other shooting gear. The included set of differently sized foam tips lets you customize an exact, comfortable fit for all-day wearability. Dual microphones deliver enhanced environmental listening capability, exceeding that of traditional electronic earmuffs.

With an impressive 29dB SNR rating, the XCOR protects hearing from loud gunfire while amplifying critical ambient sounds for improved situational awareness. Bluetooth connectivity enables seamless integration with smartphones and other devices to stream music, take calls, and configure settings. 

The recharging case provides up to 30 hours of battery life for extended range sessions. Multiple modes allow you to adapt sound profiles based on your current environment or activity. For example, "Enhance + Protect" boosts speech frequencies while suppressing gunshot volumes.

For tech-savvy shooters wanting next-level features and performance, without sacrificing comfort, the groundbreaking AXIL XCOR redefines expectations of what in-ear protection can offer. Experience sound quality and environmental amplification, rivaling over-ear muffs, with the freedom of an unfettered helmet setup.

Pros

• Compact in-ear profile with advanced digital audio processing.

• Wireless Bluetooth connectivity enables multi-purpose usage.

Cons  

• Getting a proper seal is critical to ensure full noise protection.

Specs

• Protection Level: 29dB SNR

• Weight: 6 oz (with case)  

• Batteries: Internal rechargeable

 

8. MSA Sordin Supreme Pro X

Trusted by military and law enforcement worldwide, MSA Sordin has earned global recognition for engineering battle-tested tactical gear like the Supreme Pro X. This premium set of electronic earmuffs builds upon the Swedish company's decades-long legacy outfitting armed professionals with exceptional personal protective equipment.

Optimized for prolonged use under grueling conditions, the Supreme Pro X earmuffs utilize a specialized gel cushion seal conforming securely around the ear for all-day comfort. External microphones deliver best-in-class sound amplification, enabling crisp, directional awareness of conversations and environmental cues critical for safety.

The slim, low-profile ear cups feature durable construction able to withstand intense activities in extreme environments. Outfitted with an automatic shut-off function after four hours idle, the long-life batteries extend operations during extended training sessions.

While the 22dB NRR rating provides ample defense for most centerfire handguns, some high-decibel rifle discharges may require doubling up with foam earplugs. Users should take care when replacing batteries, as the tightly sealed compartment can be tricky to open.

Trusted globally by military and law enforcement, the Supreme Pro X builds upon MSA Sordin's proven reputation for engineering excellence. This rugged, comfortable headset is a smart investment for serious shooters or firearms trainers conducting repeated high-round-count range sessions.

Pros  

• Gel seal pads create a comfortable tight seal for better performance.

• Crisp, clear amplification of ambient environmental sounds.  

• Durable even when subjected to extreme use cases.

Cons  

• Lower 22dB rating may require doubling up foam plugs.

• Battery replacement requires unscrewing and disassembly.  

Specs

• Protection Level: 22dB NRR

• Weight: 12 oz

• Batteries: 2 AA  

9. Safariland Liberator HP 2.0  

The Liberator HP 2.0 electronic earmuffs were expressly designed for seamless integration with military grade communication headsets and tactical helmets. Offering three distinct sound amplification modes, this headset delivers maximum situational awareness while providing all-day wearing comfort.

Optimized for law enforcement and military special operations, the Liberator HP 2.0 features durable construction and gel ear cushions able to withstand repeated use in harsh environments. The headset easily mounts onto standard rail systems found on ballistic helmets, allowing the user to pivot the earmuffs back when not required.

This integrated compatibility eliminates the need to detach hearing protection when transitioning to other headborne gear. The three distinct sound amplification modes are fully adjustable for adapting to different operational environments and mission requirements.

The 26dB noise reduction rating provides ample defense across most centerfire calibers. With a 160-300 hour battery life per set of AAs, the Liberator HP 2.0 is at home on extended operations in austere conditions. While expensive, these tactical earmuffs were purpose-built for advanced integration with military grade communication equipment.

For professionals requiring hearing protection that is fully compatible with integrated rail-mounted helmet setups, the Liberator HP 2.0 delivers a critical communication interface complete with exceptional environmental listening enhancement.

Pros  

• Integrates cleanly with helmets and communication gear.

• Three distinct sound amplification modes for flexibility.   

• All-day comfort from gel ear seals.  

Cons  

• High cost with features catering more toward professionals.

• Overkill for most civilian shooters.

Specs

• Protection Level: 26dB NRR

• Weight: 12 oz  

• Batteries: 2 AA or CR123

10. Walker's Razor Slim Electronic Muff

Walker's Razor Slim electronic earmuffs cater to rifle and shotgun enthusiasts needing hearing protection and have an ultra-low profile design to avoid contact with gunstocks. As a maker of shooting and hunting accessories, Walker's leveraged its expertise to create an affordable slimline headset.

The Razor Slim stands out for its compact dimensions thanks to slim ear cups and a low-profile headband. This featherweight construction clears obstruction from stocks to enable a crisp cheek weld and sight picture alignment. The earcups still accommodate padding for noise dampening and comfort during long range sessions.

Walker's built-in microphones actively listen for and react to sudden loud noises by compressing sound in as little as .02 seconds. This rapid impulse response protects hearing while still allowing ambient environmental noises like conversations to be heard. 

While priced like an entry-level model, the Razor Slim punches above its class with noise filtering performance on par with premium electronic headsets. It cuts loud gunshot decibels down to a non-damaging level, while amplifying subtle sounds of interest.

Storage and transport are straightforward, courtesy of the foldable design and included carrying case. The compact footprint easily fits into a range bag alongside ammo and other gear. While very affordable, Walker's did omit an audio input jack for multimedia device connectivity found on some competing options.

Pros

• Compact and lightweight design great for rifles.

• Budget-friendly price point.  

Cons  

• No audio input jack for multimedia playback.

Specs  

• Protection Level: 23dB NRR

• Weight: 12 oz

• Batteries: 2 AAA

On a side note, we personally use Walker Razor Slim hearing protection here at Pro Armory! They are the first thing we trust in our hearing health, but not only do we boast their hearing benefits, we also carry a vast number of their products! Check out our Walker hearing protection selection Now! Shop Now!

11. Howard Leight Impact Sport  

The Howard Leight Impact Sport first popularized amplified electronic ear protection when it launched over a decade ago. Affordably priced with impressive audio performance for the money, these ear muffs remain a best-selling choice among recreational and new shooters.

Howard Leight designed the Impact Sport with cost-conscious hunters and shooting enthusiasts in mind. While protecting hearing from loud gunfire, integrated directional microphones amplify more subtle environmental sounds to maintain situational awareness.

Low profile earcups padded with Air Flow Control technology make wearing the Impact Sport comfortable for extended range sessions. It avoids the bulkiness of earlier electronic earmuff models to minimize interference with rifle stocks. An adjustable headband accommodates different head sizes.

For under $50, shooters get quality digital sound amplification allowing conversations and range commands to be heard as if nothing is covering your ears. Loud impulse noises over 82dB, like gunshots, are reduced down to safe levels.

An audio input jack allows plugging in MP3 players or phones to listen to music, which is a nice bonus feature. After over 39,000 Amazon reviews and a decade on the market, the Howard Leight Impact Sport continues delivering excellent functionality and protection for the money. While more advanced models exist, none match this classic's bang-for-buck value.

Pros   

• Proven and well-reviewed 39,000+ ratings on Amazon.

• Budget-friendly entry cost for electronic hearing protection.  

Cons  

• Lower 22dB NRR may require doubling up foam plugs. 

• Some users find the headband uncomfortable over time.

Specs

• Protection Level: 22dB NRR  

• Weight: 12 oz

• Batteries: 2 AAA  

 

12. 3M Shotgunner II Passive Muff

The Peltor Shotgunner II earmuffs from industry leader 3M provide passive sound dampening optimized for rifle and shotgun handling. A tapered, low-profile cup design avoids contact with gunstocks for more complete and unobstructed cheek welds.

Compared to full-size passive earmuffs, the Shotgunner II weighs 25% less thanks to its slimmed down dimensions. The earcups feature a contoured ergonomic shape with a narrower top tapering out to the base. This directs pressure away from delicate ear canal structures.

A low-profile headband design improves comfort and stability while wearing. The Shotgunner II stays securely in place without compromising your sight picture alignment. The streamlined construction makes it easier to shoulder rifles and shotguns properly.

The tapered earcups still deliver an impressive 24dB noise reduction rating. While not as high as bulkier muffs, it dampens the majority of harmful loud noises. For extreme decibel exposures, doubling up with foam earplugs can provide 40dB or more protection.

Constructed from impact-resistant and durable materials to withstand years of shooting, the affordable Peltor Shotgunner II passive earmuffs offer an ergonomic solution for smoother firearm handling.

 

Pros   

 

• Compact, lightweight and affordable option. 

• Low-profile improves weapon sight picture.

 

Cons  

 

• 24dB NRR may require doubling up foam plugs.  

 

Specs

 

• Protection Level: 24dB NRR

• Weight: 9 oz

 

13. Surefire EP3 Sonic Defenders

 

The ingenious triple-flange SureFire EP3 Sonic Defenders allow shooters to toggle between two levels of hearing protection on demand. An innovative in-ear design offers flexibility for dynamic sound environments in a lightweight and non-intrusive form factor.

The EP3 Sonic Defenders feature a clever design incorporating inner sound-dampening filters that can toggle in or out as needed. With the filters inserted, sound waves entering the ear must navigate a longer path with more absorption material, providing noise reduction similar to wearing earmuffs. Removing the filters enables natural hearing and situational awareness.

Three graduated soft rubber tips in small, medium and large sizes gently nestle into ear canals for a secure, customized, low-profile fit. The tapered flanges avoid pressure point discomfort that can occur with basic cylindrical foam earplugs after prolonged wear. 

Weighing practically nothing, the EP3 integrates seamlessly with tactical helmets, hats and other headgear without obstruction. This makes them versatile hearing protection for military and law enforcement training. The ability to reinsert filters to block loud explosions or gunshots faster than the ear's reflex reaction can perceive offers unique modular protection.

By giving shooters control over blocking harmful loud noises while retaining environmental hearing when needed, the SureFire EP3 Sonic Defenders live up to their name as true defender earplugs. Their smart selective attenuation makes them suitable across various disciplines beyond just shooting sports.

Pros  

• Two noise reduction modes by inserting/removing internal filters.

• Extremely lightweight and non-intrusive.  

Cons  

• May lack sufficient dampening for high decibel firearms without doubling up foam plugs underneath.

Specs  

• Protection Level: 24dB NRR with filters inserted  

• Weight: Very light

How Sound Damages Your Ears

Gunshots produce sudden, intense sound waves that can inflict severe damage to delicate structures inside your ear responsible for transmitting noises to the brain. 

Hair cells in the cochlea area mechanically convert vibrations into signals for the auditory nerve using microscopic hairs called stereocilia. However, exposure to loud sounds over 140dB can actually tear these hairs off, leading to permanent hearing impairment over time. 

This painless destruction of hairs causes inflammation, deterioration of cochlear structures, and eventually hearing loss. Tinnitus, commonly described as ringing in the ears,  is believed to originate from the brain's attempts to compensate for the lost ability to detect certain sound frequencies.

Experts believe noise-induced hearing damage is cumulative over your lifetime. Each unprotected gunshot does incremental harm, so wearing proper hearing protection during every trip to the range is critical.

Proper Hearing Protection 

Look for hearing protection with a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) or Single Number Rating (SNR) of at least 15dB all the way up to 30dB for superior dampening in louder environments. Combining disposable foam earplugs underneath earmuffs can provide 40dB or more of sound blocking.

Passive earmuffs utilize padding to completely surround and seal the ear canal shut, preventing loud noises from entering. Electronic earmuffs also actively cancel out impulse sounds faster than the ear can perceive while amplifying quieter noises.

Newer in-ear electronic options leave your head unencumbered by rifle sights while still enhancing environmental listening. Certain models even allow you to stream music or take calls with Bluetooth connectivity.

Regardless of form factor, proper hearing protection is essential to prevent permanent tinnitus ringing and incremental damage to delicate inner ear structures vital for healthy hearing.

Final Thoughts

Hearing protection is crucial equipment for recreational and professional shooters alike. The sudden impulse noises from gunshots can permanently impair your hearing over time. From passive ear muffs, to slim electronic in-ear plugs, today's solutions balance protection, situational awareness and wearability.

For most civilian enthusiasts, the ShellShock Protection EXO PRO electronic earmuffs strike an ideal balance of comfort, protection and value. Competitive shooters favor the exceptional sound environment provided by the MSA Sordin Supreme Pro X. Professionals operating integrated helmet setups will appreciate seamless compatibility of the Peltor ComTac V.

Remember to double up foam earplugs and earmuffs when exposed to extreme decibel levels for maximum sound dampening. 

FAQs

What decibel protection do you need for shooting?

 

Most centerfire rifles and handguns generate between 140-170 decibels when fired. Experts recommend a minimum of 20dB of noise reduction but 30dB or higher is ideal. Combining disposable foam earplugs with earmuffs can provide 40dB or more of protection.

 

Do you have to wear ear protection while shooting?

 

Absolutely! Gunshots produce sudden impulse noises exceeding 140 decibels that can permanently damage hearing. Repeated unprotected exposure to firearm discharges almost guarantees gradual hearing loss and tinnitus ringing over your lifetime. Always use proper ear protection at the range.  

 

How much dB is a gunshot?

 

The sound pressure level of a gunshot varies by caliber but is extremely loud. A .22 LR rifle generates ~140dB while big bore rifles like a .308 Winchester or .30-06 Springfield produce over 170dB at the shooter's ear. Handgun calibers fall somewhere in between.

 

How loud is a 9mm gunshot? 

 

Firing a 9mm handgun generates approximately 157 decibels of impulse noise as measured at the shooter's ear. That’s equivalent to a jet engine at takeoff! Unprotected exposure begins inflicting permanent hearing damage almost immediately.

 

What is the best NRR for shooting ear protection?

 

Look for the highest NRR or SNR rating possible within your budget. Passive ear muffs typically offer 24-30dB noise reduction, while electronic earmuffs with amplification provide 2228 dB. Specialized in-ear models are capable of 29dB or better. Combining earplugs with over-ear muffs can achieve 40 dB.

 

Can you use earbuds as ear protection when shooting?

 

Do not use earbuds or standard headphones as hearing protection at the range. Most are only capable of blocking ambient background noises up to 26dB or so. Gunshots produce dangerous impulse sound pressure levels exceeding 140dB that require specialized passive or electronic hearing protection designed specifically for shooting.

 

What happens if you don't wear ear protection shooting?

 

Firing guns without proper ear protection will damage your hearing over time through gradual destruction of tiny delicate hair cells inside the cochlea that transmit noises to the brain. The acute 140dB+ concussive effects of gunfire inflict immediate harm that eventually causes irreversible hearing loss and persistent tinnitus ringing. Always use adequate noise-reducing ear protection when shooting.